What is drug-induced dermatitis
Drug-induced dermatitis, also known as drug eruption, refers to an inflammatory reaction in the skin caused by drugs or their metabolites. It is a relatively common manifestation of adverse drug reactions. In mild cases, it only manifests as skin itching and erythema, while in severe cases, systemic symptoms may occur or even be life-threatening. In recent years, with the popularization of drug use, the incidence of drug-induced dermatitis has increased and has become one of the health topics of public concern.
1. Common causes of drug-induced dermatitis
The occurrence of drug-induced dermatitis is related to a variety of factors, including drug types, individual differences, medication methods, etc. The following is a common classification of disease-causing drugs:
| drug class | Representative medicine | Common manifestations of dermatitis |
|---|---|---|
| antibiotics | Penicillins, cephalosporins | Urticaria, fixed drug eruption |
| antipyretic analgesics | aspirin, ibuprofen | Erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis |
| antiepileptic drugs | carbamazepine, phenytoin | Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine | Certain traditional Chinese medicines containing heavy metals | Contact dermatitis, photosensitivity reaction |
2. Clinical manifestations of drug-induced dermatitis
The clinical manifestations of drug-induced dermatitis are diverse and can be divided into the following categories according to severity:
| Type | Main symptoms | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed drug eruption | Round or oval erythema with clear borders | Mild |
| Urticarial type | The wheal is accompanied by itching and can spread all over the body | Moderate |
| erythema multiforme | Target-shaped erythema, mucosal involvement | Moderate to severe |
| exfoliative dermatitis | Skin desquamation, redness and swelling all over the body | Severe |
3. Diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced dermatitis
The diagnosis of drug-induced dermatitis requires a combination of medication history, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Treatment principles include:
1.Discontinue suspected medication immediately: Once the causative drug is identified, the drug must be stopped immediately and avoid using the same drug again.
2.Symptomatic treatment: Choose topical or oral drugs according to the type of skin lesions, such as antihistamines, glucocorticoids, etc.
3.Severely ill patients need to be hospitalized: If Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) occurs, emergency treatment is required.
4. How to prevent drug-induced dermatitis?
Preventive measures include:
- Ask about allergy history in detail before taking medication;
- Avoid drug abuse, especially antibiotics, antipyretics and analgesics;
- Seek medical attention promptly if a rash occurs and do not treat it yourself.
5. Recent hot cases and warnings
In the past 10 days, it was reported in a certain place that a patient developed systemic exfoliative dermatitis after taking a certain Chinese patent medicine, triggering public discussion on the safety of Chinese medicines. Experts remind,Any medicine may trigger an allergic reaction, medication should be used with caution.
Summary: Drug-induced dermatitis is an important manifestation of adverse drug reactions, and early identification and intervention are crucial. The public should increase their awareness of medication safety, and medical institutions need to strengthen monitoring and education to reduce the occurrence of serious drug rashes.
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